Double blind peer-review

Double-blind assessment is an assessment in which both applicants and reviewers are anonymous to one another. This type of assessment aims to avoid bias.
Level 0
Aim: Bias mitigation
Aim: Inclusivity
Target: Editor and publisher
Target: Funder
Target: Academic institution
CoARA Commitment 2
CoARA Commitment 6
CoARA Commitment 10
Contributor

Experiments in Assessment WG

Publication date

April 9, 2026

Updated

April 20, 2026

WarningObjectives and potential outcome

The main aim of double blind peer review is to avoid biases that may be caused by personal characteristics of the applicant.

Research domains

Context and considerations

Challenges and mitigations

Challenge: It might be possible to identify applicants even with the applicants being blinded. It may also happen that the reviewers incorrectly believe they know who the applicant is, and their judgement is biased even if their assumption is proven wrong.
Mitigation: Having better Bias mitigation training for assessors may be a first step in removing biases and/or desire for assessors to attempt to identify applicants.

Challenge: Verifying information and obtaining output details from applicants (e.g., publication titles) may not be possible if a blind peer-review is seeked.
**Mitigation: Selecting assessments where little personal details are needed may be preferable for this process. For instance, fellowships, hiring, and promotion procedures may require more personal/applicant details and may not always be possible to implement in a double-blind peer review process.

Challenge: In some cases, funding agencies may need to be open about reviewers’ identities to control for potential conflicts of interest.

Evaluating success

Relevant resources and literature

This section includes resources, literature, and reports relevant to this specific experimental idea.

Templates from funders and institutions

Case examples and literature

The Villum Fonden uses anonymous application processes. “The applicants are anonymous to the review panel to sharpen the focus on the research idea and to allow researchers to think freely in relation to their past merits.” See https://villumfonden.dk/en/group/grantsubarea/villum-experiment.

Other resources

Case Studies or Implementation Examples